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Entire patient cohort (N = 276)
Matched sample (n = 100)
Dependent variable
Total cost
Fixed cost
Variable costs
Reimbursement
Total margin
Length of stay (days)
Total cost
Fixed cost
Variable costs
Reimbursement
Total margin
LOS (days)
Complication
$24,889b
$15,610b
$9,228b
$12,326b
-$12,563b
8.29b
$26,269b
$16,368b
$9,846b
$12,138b
-$14,131b
8.456b
(2,024)
(1,246)
(799)
(1,272)
(2,083)
(0.607)
(4,168)
(2,566)
(1,634)
(2,175)
(4,022)
(1.116)
Age
-$118
-$54
-$63
-$153
-$35
-0.135
$854
$572
$281
$16
-$838
0.256
(393)
(242)
(155)
(247)
(404)
(0.118)
(1,498)
(922)
(587)
(782)
(1,445)
(401)
Age-squared
$1
$1
$1
$1
$0
0.001
-$8
-$6
-$3
$0
$8
-0.002
(3)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(0.001)
(12)
(7)
(5)
(6)
(12)
(0.003)
Female gender
$2,047
$1,258
$796
-$578
-$2,625
0.493
$4,442
$2,698
$1,759
-$991
-$5,432
1.093
(1,680)
(1,034)
(663)
(1,056)
(1,729)
(0.504)
(4,313)
(2,655)
(1,691)
(2,251)
(4,161)
(1.154)
ASA score
$2,598
$1,397
$1,200
$1,391
-$1,207
0.611
$2,272
$1,194
$1,074
-$159
-$2,430
0.411
(1,758)
(1,082)
(694)
(1,104)
(1,809)
(0.528)
(4,755)
(2,927)
(1,864)
(2,482)
(4,588)
(1.272)
BMI
$53
$38
$16
-$110
-$163
0.006
-$51
-$17
-$34
-$208
-$158
-0.024
(121)
(75)
(48)
(76)
(125)
(0.036)
(375)
(231)
(147)
(196)
(362)
(0.100)
Constant
$15,636
$9,791
$5,797
$27,531b
$11,895
8.011c
-$2,900
-$2,330
-$584
$31,214
$34,114
0.494
(11,860)
(7,298)
(4,682)
(7,450)
(12,202)
(3.559)
(45,162)
(27,804)
(17,704)
(23,573)
(43,578)
(12,090)c
Observations
276
276
276
276
276
276
100
100
100
100
100
100
R
2
0.3764
0.3835
0.3509
0.2733
0.1391
0.4290
0.3137
0.3197
0.2945
0.2600
0.1496
0.3928
a ASA: American Society of Anesthesiology; BMI: Body mass index; LOS: Length of stay. b P < 0.001. c P < 0.05. All values were obtained using multiple linear regression techniques as described in the Methods section. Values in parentheses are standard errors.
