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Historical controls (N = 100)
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ERAS patients (N = 100)
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p value
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|---|
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Length of stay
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Median length of stay (days)
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10 (8,18)
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7 (6,11)
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< 0.00011
|
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Mean length of stay (days)
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14.86 (11.05)
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10.00 (7.03)
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< 0.0011
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Recovery milestones
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Postoperative days to end IV
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6.73 (7.67)
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4.53 (4.40)
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0.2531
|
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Days to end IV ≥ 1
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63 (63.00%)
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77 (77.00%)
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0.0312
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Postoperative days to first stool
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5.83 (3.83)
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3.99 (1.93)
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< 0.0011
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Postoperative days to first liquid
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5.05 (6.71)
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1.09 (1.34)
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< 0.0011
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Postoperative days to first solid food
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9.68 (8.79)
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3.20 (2.52)
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< 0.0011
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Postoperative days to self-stoma management
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10.11 (7.52)
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8.88 (20.45)
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< 0.0011
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Postoperative TPN
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32 (32.00%)
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21 (21.00%)
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0.0782
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Postoperative days to end TPN
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16.56 (7.72)
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11.19 (6.93)
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0.0091
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Postoperative days to first on feet
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1.98 (1.15)
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1.25 (0.79)
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< 0.0011
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Opioids use and pain scores
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Intravenous opioids (total morphine equivalents)
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DOS
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10.76 (30.72)
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0.91 (6.05)
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< 0.0011
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POD1
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36.09 (84.40)
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8.66 (44.27)
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< 0.0011
|
|
POD2
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51.06 (122.05)
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10.30 (55.44)
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< 0.0011
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POD3
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50.17 (118.82)
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7.51 (40.32)
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< 0.0011
|
|
POD4
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48.14 (116.83)
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5.55 (34.69)
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< 0.0011
|
|
POD5
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38.21 (95.86)
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1.94 (17.63)
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< 0.0011
|
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Total
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234.45 (458.07)
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34.87 (159.47)
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< 0.0011
|
|
Maximum pain score
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|
DOS
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3.49 (3.60)
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3.27 (3.44)
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0.7111
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POD1
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5.16 (3.23)
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3.91 (3.13)
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0.0061
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POD2
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4.40 (2.97)
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3.60 (3.16)
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0.0491
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POD3
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3.85 (2.98)
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3.39 (2.84)
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0.3061
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POD4
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4.01 (2.92)
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3.79 (3.05)
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0.6421
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POD5
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4.33 (3.08)
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3.80 (3.23)
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0.2391
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Total
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6.95 (2.67)
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6.60 (2.76)
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0.3361
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Adverse events
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|
Readmission within 30 days
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38 (38.00%)
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19 (20.00%)
|
0.0062
|
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Re-operation within 30 days
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15 (15.31%)
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9 (9.00%)
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0.1742
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Adverse event(s) at all during primary stay
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87 (87.88%)
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76 (76.00%)
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0.0302
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Complications during admission
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Respiratory
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20 (20.00%)
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17 (17.00%)
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0.5852
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Infectious
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34 (34.00%)
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20 (20.20%)
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0.0292
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Cardiovascular
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25 (25.00%)
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21 (21.00%)
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0.5022
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Postoperative ileus
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65 (65.00%)
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36 (36.73%)
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< 0.0012
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Surgical complication(s)
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23 (23.23%)
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15 (15.00%)
|
0.1402
|
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Delirium
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12 (12.37%)
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2 (2.06%)
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0.0062
|
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PONV
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72 (72.00%)
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67 (67.68%)
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0.5062
|
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Requiring intensive care
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10 (10.00%)
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5 (5.00%)
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0.1792
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30 day mortality
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2 (2.00%)
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2 (2.00%)
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0.9992
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- Length of stay reported as both median (IQR) and mean (SD). Median may be more representative due to outliers and non-parametric nature of outcome. Other continuous variables reported as mean (SD); categorical variables reported as frequency (percentage)
- Respiratory complications include atelectasis, pneumonia, pleural fluid, respiratory failure, pneumothorax, and other unspecified
- Infectious complications include wound infection, urinary tract infection, intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal abscess, sepsis, septic shock, and other unspecified
- Cardiovascular complications include heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolus, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, and other unspecified
- Surgical complications include anastomotic leak, urinary leakage, urinary tract injury, mechanical bowl obstruction, deep wound dehiscence, peritoneal soiling, and other unspecified
- TPN total parenteral nutrition; postoperative days to end TPN measured among those who received postoperative TPN. PONV postoperative nausea or vomiting
- 1Wilcoxon
- 2Chi-Square
