Using provider-focused education toolkits can aid enhanced recovery programs to further reduce patient exposure to opioids

Table 5 Results of multivariate regression analysis—secondary outcomes

	Estimate compared to pre-implementation year*	95% confidence limits	p value
Discharge opioid quantity, OME	− 156 milliequivalents	− 199 to − 112	< 0.001
Post-procedure length of stay	− 0.24 days	− 0.7 to 0.3	0.3
Postop day 1 average pain score	+ 0.26	0.05 to 0.46	0.01
Postop day 2 average pain score	+ 0.3	0.07 to 0.53	0.009
Time to first ambulation, hours	+ 0.3 h	− 1.1 to 1.8	0.46
Urinary catheter duration, days	+ 2.4 days	− 2.3 to 7.3	0.43
Time to ordering of solid food, days	− 0.6 days	− 0.28 to − 0.9	0.002
	ODDS ratio*
Return to operating room within 30 days	0.96	0.46 to 2	0.92
Readmission within 30 days	0.86	0.6 to 1.2	0.36

*Covariate of interest was post-implementation year (compared with pre-implementation year). Models accounted for age, gender, service line, American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) rating, opioid use at the time of admission (including methadone), surgical approach (minimally invasive vs open), case mix index, epidural use, and multimodal analgesic

ISSN: 2047-0525