A U.S. survey of pre-operative carbohydrate-containing beverage use in colorectal enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs

Table 1 Preoperative CCD use in colorectal ERAS programs

Colorectal ERAS programs using a preoperative CCD (n = 68)	Given to patients without diabetes		Given to patients with diabetes not receiving insulin		Given to patients with diabetes receiving insulin		Difference in dependent proportions test
Colorectal ERAS programs using a preoperative CCD (n = 68)	n (%)	95% CI	n (%)	95% CI	n (%)	95% CI	Difference in dependent proportions test
Use of any beverage	67 (98.5)	92.1–100	55 (80.9)	69.8–89.4	42 (60.3)	47.7–72	p < 0.05
Type of carbohydrate
Simple	23 (37.7)	25.5–49.9	17 (33.3)	20.8–47.9	13 (34.2)	19.6–51.4	P = ns
Complex	38 (62.3)	49–74.4	34 (66.7)	52.1–79.2	25 (65.8)	48.7–80.4	P = ns

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